Researchers say the smartphone-sized quantum computers can be developed using microwaves and ions, indicating the possibility of small quantum computing devices in the future.
Physicists at the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) were first linked to the quantum properties of two separate ions by manipulating the microwave instead of a laser beam.
They suggest that it may be possible to replace the exotic room the size of quantum computing, "Laser Park" with a miniature commercial microwave technology similar to that used in smart phones.
"It is conceivable modest-sized quantum computer could eventually look like a smart phone in combination with a laser pointer, a device, a sophisticated machine can have an overall footprint compared to regular desktop computer," said NIST physicist Dietrich Leibfried .
Scientists say microwave components can be easily expanded and upgraded to build a practical system one thousand ions for quantum computation and simulation, as compared to the complex and expensive laser sources.
Although microwave ovens, wireless carrier, have been used previously to manipulate an ion, NIST scientists were the first to position microwave ion sources close enough-just 30 micrometers away and create conditions that will allow the entanglement.
entanglement is a quantum phenomenon is expected to be crucial for the transport of information and correcting errors in quantum computers.
Scientists integrated wiring for the microwave source directly onto a chip the size of the ion trap using a desktop-scale table of lasers, mirrors and lenses that only about one tenth the size of the previously required. Although low-power UV lasers are still required to cool the ions observed experimental results, over time can be as small as those in portable DVD players.
"Although quantum computers are not thought of as a practical device that everyone wants to carry around, they could use the microwave electronics similar to what is used in smart phones. These components are well developed for the mass market to support innovation and cost reduction. prospect excites us, "Leibfried said.
ions as a leading candidate for use as quantum bits, or qubits, to keep the information in a quantum computer. Although the-other promising candidates for superconducting qubits-in particular circles, or "artificial atoms" to manipulate the chips with microwaves, ion qubits are in more advanced stage of experimentally that more ions can be controlled with greater accuracy and less loss of data.
In the latest experiments, the NIST team used microwaves to rotate the "spin" of some magnesium ions, and took a couple of runs in the ion. This is a "universal" set of quantum logic operations as rotation and entanglement can be combined in sequence to perform any calculation of allowable quantum mechanics, Leibfried says.
In the experiment, two ions were held by electromagnetic fields, hovering above the ion trap chip, which consists of gold electrodes electroplated on the support of aluminum nitride. Some of the electrodes are activated to produce pulses of microwave radiation oscillates around the ions. Radiation frequencies are in the 1-2 gigahertz range.
microwaves generate magnetic fields are used to rotate the ions' spins, which can be thought of as tiny bar magnets are shown in different smjerovima.Orijentacija these tiny bar magnet is one of the quantum properties are used to represent information.
Scientists entangled ions adjustment technique was first developed with lasers. If microwaves 'magnetic fields gradually increased over the ions in just the right way, ions' motion can be excited, depending on the spin orientation and spin can become involved in this process.
Scientists have to find the right combination of settings, in three electrodes on the condition that the optimal change in the oscillating magnetic field over the range of ions' motion, while minimizing other undesirable učinke.Svojstva entangled ions are linked so that a measurement will reveal the state of ions another.
quantum computer is a device for calculating the direct benefits of quantum mechanical phenomena such as superposition and entanglement, to perform operations on podacima.Osnovni principle behind quantum computing is that quantum properties can be used to represent data and perform operations on the data.
Quantum computers would exploit the unusual rules of quantum physics to solve certain problems-such as breaking today, the most widely used encryption codes, which are currently intractable, even supercomputers.
is closer to term goal is to design a quantum simulation of important scientific problems, to explore the quantum mysteries, such as high temperature superconductivity, the disappearance of electrical resistance in certain materials when cooled sufficiently.
Scientists say the use of microwaves to reduce errors introduced by instabilities in the laser beam shows the power as well as laser-induced spontaneous emission of ions. However, micro surgery should be improved to allow for practical quantum computation and simulation.
is still a long way to ići.NIST researchers achieved only 76 percent of the entanglement time, in comparison with laser-controlled operations at 99.3 percent.
